 |
Firing Schedules (ramps are for 6" or larger open face firings on shelves) | ||||||||||||
| Heating | Annealing & Cooling | ||||||||||||
| Step 1 | Step 2 | Step 3 | Step 4 | Step 5 | Step 6 | ||||||||
| Target temps >> |
1250° F 677° C |
To Desired Peak Temp (see Peak Temp Table) |
960° F 516° C |
800° F 427° C |
600° F 316° C |
100° F 38° C |
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| Maximum Thickness |
Ramp Rate (per hour) |
Hold (minutes) |
Ramp Rate (per hour) |
Hold (minutes) |
Ramp Rate (per hour) |
Hold (minutes) |
Ramp Rate (per hour) |
Hold (minutes) |
Ramp Rate (per hour) |
Hold (minutes) |
Ramp Rate (per hour) |
Hold (minutes) |
Minimum Total Time (hours) |
| 1/8" | 300° F | 10 | 500° F | Per Peak Temp Table |
AFAP* | 30 | 200° F | 0 | 300° F | 0 | 400° F | 0 | 8.5 |
| 3 mm | 166° C | 278° C | 111° C | 166° C | 222° C | ||||||||
| 1/4" | 300° F | 30 | 400° F | Per Peak Temp Table |
AFAP | 60 | 170° F | 0 | 270° F | 0 | 370° F | 0 | 9.8 |
| 6 mm | 166° C | 222° C | 94° C | 150° C | 206° C | ||||||||
| 3/8" | 275° F | 50 | 325° F | Per Peak Temp Table |
AFAP | 90 | 135° F | 0 | 235° F | 0 | 335° F | 0 | 11.6 |
| 9 mm | 153° C | 166° C | 75° C | 131° C | 186° F | ||||||||
| 1/2" | 250° F | 75 | 275° F | Per Peak Temp Table |
AFAP | 120 | 100° F | 0 | 200° F | 0 | 300° F | 0 | 13.8 |
| 12 mm | 139° C | 153° C | 56° C | 111° C | 166° C | ||||||||
| 3/4" | 200° F | 85 | 225° F | Per Peak Temp Table |
AFAP | 180 | 50° F | 0 | 100° F | 0 | 200° F | 0 | 19.6 |
| 19 mm | 111° C | 125° C | 28° C | 56° C | 111° C | ||||||||
| 1" | 175° F | 100 | 200° F | Per Peak Temp Table |
AFAP | 220 | 25° F | 0 | 45° F | 0 | 150° F | 0 | 29.0 |
| 25 mm | 97° C | 111° C | 14° C | 25° C | 83° C | ||||||||
| **AFAP means As Fast as Possible |
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| Basic Definition of firing steps | |
| Step 1 | Heat glass, small prefired components & shelf/mold materials above the softening point. Hold to distribute the heat evenly, and to allow air to escape (bubble management). |
| Step 2 | Fire to desired peak temp Hold to desired finish |
| Step 3 | Drop to upper annealing point Hold to distribute the heat evenly. |
| Step 4 | Annealing ramp: cool to below the strain point Hold |
| Step 5 | 1st Cooling ramp Hold |
| Step 6 | 2nd Cooling ramp Open kiln when kiln interior 100° F/38° C, or room temperature. |
| Peak Temperature Table - Open Face Molds | |||
| This guide is intended as a starting point. Variations of 25° F (13.9° C) or more are expected for specific needs & circumstances, such as kiln type, rate of ramp-up, soak length, thickness of work or mold, etc. All other factors being equal, System 96 glass will require a peak temperature about 25° F (13.9° C) below Fusion FX 90 COE (Bullseye compatible) glass. |
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| Activity | Temp F | Temp C | Hold Time |
| 'Sugar' firing (sintering) Pâte de Verre Fuse to stick |
1300 1325° 1350°-1375° |
704° 718° 732°-745° |
1-20 mins 1-30 mins 10-45 mins |
| Maximum Temperature if under 1/4" thickness | |||
| Fuse flat with smooth edges Fill Bas-Relief molds - wavy edges Fill sharp mold details -irregular edges Combing |
1420°-1450° 1450°-1475° 1475°-1500° 1650°-1700° |
771°-788° 788°-802° 802°-816° 899°-927° |
15-90 mins 15-90 mins 90-300 mins 15-30 mins |